"bever" meaning in Middle English

See bever in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈbɛ̞ːvər/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English befer, beofor, from Proto-West Germanic *bebru, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|beaver}}, {{etymon|enm|:inh|ang:befer<id:beaver>|id=beaver}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*bebruz", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "befer", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "bever", "lang" : "enm" }" data-id="beaver" data-lang="enm" data-title="bever" id="Middle_English:_beaver">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|befer|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English befer, {{inh+|enm|ang|befer}} Inherited from Old English befer, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*bebru}} Proto-West Germanic *bebru, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*bebruz}} Proto-Germanic *bebruz, {{inh|enm|ine-pro|*bʰébʰrus}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} bever, {{enm-noun}} bever (plural bevers) Forms: bevers [plural], beever [alternative], beuver [alternative], bevere [alternative], bevre [alternative], bewer [alternative], byvre [alternative], beauver [alternative, Early-Middle-English], befer [alternative, Early-Middle-English], beofer [alternative, Early-Middle-English], bevir [alternative, East-Anglia, Northern], bevyr [alternative, East-Anglia, Northern], bevyre [alternative, East-Anglia, Northern]
  1. A beaver (rodent of the genus Castor).
    Sense id: en-bever-enm-noun-n0tA2I8J Categories (other): Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with etymon, Hides, Rodents Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 58 42 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 54 21 25 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 70 30 Disambiguation of Hides: 32 32 37 Disambiguation of Rodents: 53 5 42
  2. Beaver fur, skin, or pelt, or a similar cloth.
    Sense id: en-bever-enm-noun-qevziXCh Categories (other): Hides Disambiguation of Hides: 32 32 37
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈbɛːvər/, /ˈbɛvər/ Forms: bevers [plural], bevere [alternative]
Etymology: Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bever (modern French boire), from Latin bibō. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|drink}}, {{bor+|enm|xno|bever}} Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bever, {{cog|fr|boire}} French boire, {{der|enm|la|bibō}} Latin bibō Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} bever, {{enm-noun}} bever (plural bevers)
  1. (rare, Late Middle English) beverage Tags: Late-Middle-English, rare Related terms: beverage
    Sense id: en-bever-enm-noun-J2SLvpjx Categories (other): Late Middle English, Beverages, Fabrics, Hides Disambiguation of Beverages: 9 4 87 Disambiguation of Fabrics: 26 8 66 Disambiguation of Hides: 32 32 37
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "beaver"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "beaver"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baiver"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "baver"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "beaver"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baiver"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "bever"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "beaver"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baiver"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "bevir"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "béabhar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "beaver"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:befer<id:beaver>",
        "id": "beaver"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bebruz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"befer\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bever\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"beaver\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"bever\" id=\"Middle_English:_beaver\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "befer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English befer",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "befer"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English befer",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bebru"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bebru",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bebruz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bebruz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰébʰrus"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English befer, beofor, from Proto-West Germanic *bebru, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bevers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beever",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beuver",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bewer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byvre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beauver",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "befer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beofer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevir",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevyr",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevyre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bever",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bever (plural bevers)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "58 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 21 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Hides",
          "orig": "enm:Hides",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 5 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Rodents",
          "orig": "enm:Rodents",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A beaver (rodent of the genus Castor)."
      ],
      "id": "en-bever-enm-noun-n0tA2I8J",
      "links": [
        [
          "beaver",
          "beaver"
        ],
        [
          "Castor",
          "Castor#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Hides",
          "orig": "enm:Hides",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Beaver fur, skin, or pelt, or a similar cloth."
      ],
      "id": "en-bever-enm-noun-qevziXCh",
      "links": [
        [
          "fur",
          "fur"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "pelt",
          "pelt"
        ],
        [
          "cloth",
          "cloth"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛ̞ːvər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bever"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "bever"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "drink"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "bever"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bever",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "boire"
      },
      "expansion": "French boire",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "bibō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin bibō",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bever (modern French boire), from Latin bibō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bevers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bever",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bever (plural bevers)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 4 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Beverages",
          "orig": "enm:Beverages",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 8 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Fabrics",
          "orig": "enm:Fabrics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Hides",
          "orig": "enm:Hides",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "beverage"
      ],
      "id": "en-bever-enm-noun-J2SLvpjx",
      "links": [
        [
          "beverage",
          "beverage"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, Late Middle English) beverage"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "beverage"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛːvər/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛvər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bever"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with etymon",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (brown)",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 14 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "enm:Beverages",
    "enm:Fabrics",
    "enm:Hides",
    "enm:Rodents"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "beaver"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "beaver"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baiver"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "baver"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "beaver"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baiver"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "bever"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "beaver"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baiver"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "bevir"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "béabhar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "beaver"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:befer<id:beaver>",
        "id": "beaver"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bebruz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"befer\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bever\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"beaver\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"bever\" id=\"Middle_English:_beaver\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "befer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English befer",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "befer"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English befer",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bebru"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bebru",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bebruz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bebruz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰébʰrus"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English befer, beofor, from Proto-West Germanic *bebru, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bevers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beever",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beuver",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bewer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byvre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beauver",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "befer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beofer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevir",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevyr",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevyre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bever",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bever (plural bevers)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A beaver (rodent of the genus Castor)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beaver",
          "beaver"
        ],
        [
          "Castor",
          "Castor#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Beaver fur, skin, or pelt, or a similar cloth."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fur",
          "fur"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "pelt",
          "pelt"
        ],
        [
          "cloth",
          "cloth"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛ̞ːvər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bever"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Pages with 14 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Beverages",
    "enm:Fabrics",
    "enm:Hides",
    "enm:Rodents"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "bever"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "drink"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "bever"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bever",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "boire"
      },
      "expansion": "French boire",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "bibō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin bibō",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bever (modern French boire), from Latin bibō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bevers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bevere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bever",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bever (plural bevers)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "beverage"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Late Middle English",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "beverage"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beverage",
          "beverage"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, Late Middle English) beverage"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛːvər/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛvər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bever"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bever meaning in Middle English (6.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.